separations

methods of separations - best 3

1. Filtration- used for separating a solid or suspension from a liquid. 

Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solid from fluids (liquid or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. Oversize solids in the fluid are retained, but the separation is not complete; solids will be contaminated with som fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles (depending on the pore size and filter thickness).

2.evaporation - Used to obtain the solute from solution



Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid, that occur only on the surface of the liquid. The other type of vaporization is boiling, that instead occurs on the entire mass of the liquid. Evaporation is also part of the water cycle. 3. simple distillation - used to obtain the solvent from a solution



Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction.

4. fractional distillation - used to separate one liquid from a mixture of different liquids that have different boiling points. 

, consider the distillation of a mixture of water and ethanol. Ethanol boils at 78.4 °C while water boils at 100 °C. So, by gently heating the mixture, the most volatile component will concentrate to a greater degree in the vapor leaving the liquid. Some mixtures form azeotypes, where the mixture boils at a lower temperature than either component. In this example, a mixture of 96% ethanol and 4% water boils at 78.2 °C, being more volatile than pure ethanol. For this reason, ethanol cannot be completely purified by direct fractional distillation of ethanol-water mixtures.

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